Artificial Intelligence algorithms use whole house consumption data to draw insight on the activated appliances.
Energy Pager diagnoses the IoT sensor data at high frequencies to capture unique appliance signature. Machine Learning algorithms use neural networks to decipher those signatures.
When looking at graph of vacuum cleaner using electricity compared to the steady refrigerator power consumption it would easily be differentiable but with more sophisticated energy signatures machine learning algorithms come in to play.
Machine Learning algorithm is taught to visualize the differences at super-human levels.